Spor yapan ve yapmayan i̇şi̇tme engelli̇lerde mental rotasyon, seçki̇li̇ eylem düzeyi ve reaksiyon zamanı performanslarının karşılaştırılması

Abstract

işitme, dil ve konuşma becerisi iletişimin temel unsurlarıdır. Bu üç unsurdan birinin görevini yerine getiremernesi durumunda, konuşma becerisi engellenir bu durum zihinsel ve dil gelişimini etkiler. Sportif etkinlikler işitme engeliiierin zihinsel kapasitelerine, fiziksel ve ruhsal gelişimlerine pozitif etki ettiğini, motorik beceri, denge, el-göz koordinasyonu, !isan gelişimi, problem çözme yeteneğinin gelişmesi gibi çeşitli yönlerden ilerleme sağlandığı bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı spor yapan ve yapmayan işitme engeliiierin mental rotasyon, seçkili eylem düzeyi ve reaksiyon zamanı performanslannı karşılaştırmaktır. Araştırmaya Bursa ilinde eğitim-öğretim faaliyeti gösteren Nilüfer Özel Eğitim Meslek Lisesi'nde eğitim gören işitme engelli 20 kadın (ll spor yapan ve 9 spor yapmayan) ve 22 erkek (ll spor yapan ve ll spor yapmayan) olmak üzere toplam 42 öğrenci katılmıştır. Çalışmaya katılan öğrencilerin 16-22 yaş aralığında, işitme kaybı derecesi 91 dB ve üzeri olan, en az 2 yıldır spor yapan ve işaret dili bilen öğrenciler katılmıştır. Araştırmada spor yapan ve yapmayan işitme engelli öğrenciler arasında yapılan karşılaştırmada hiçbir değişkende anlamlı farklılık tespit edilmemiştir. Cinsiyete göre erkekler kadınlardan mental rolasyon (süre ve doğru sayısı) performansı, basit görsel reaksiyon ve seçkili eylem düzeni sarı (dokunma) ve pembe (tutma) top puanlarında daha üstün oldukları görülmüş ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık tespit edilmiştir (p<0,05). Spor yapan erkeklerin spor yapan kadınlardan mental rolasyon ve seçkili eylem düzeneği pembe (yakalama) top puanlarının daha yüksek olduğu ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğu saptanmıştır (p<0,05). Spor yapınama durumuna göre erkeklerin kadınlardan seçkili eylem düzeneği sarı ve pembe top puanlarının daha yüksek olduğu ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğu bulunmuştur(p<0,05). Sonuç olarak, spor yapan işitme engelli bireylerin mental rotasyon, seçkili eylem düzeyi ve reaksiyon zamanı performansları ortalama olarak daha yüksek olsa da karşılaştırılan değişkenler arasında anlamlı düzeyde farklılık tespit olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Fakat cinsiyet açısından bakıldığında spor yapan erkeklerin mental rotasyon, seçkili eylem düzeneği başarı düzeyi sarı ve pembe top ve basit görsel (fix) reaksiyon zamanı performansları spor yapan kadınlardan anlamlı düzeyde daha yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur.

Hearing, language and speaking skills are the basic elements of communication. In the situation that one of these three elements fails to function, the ability to speak is impaired, this situation affects mental and language development. lt is known that sportive activities have a positive effect on the mental capacity, physical and spiritual development of the hearing impaired and that progress is achieved in various aspects such as motoric skills, balance, hand-eye coordination, language development, and problem-solving ability. The aim of this study was to examine the mental rotation, selective action !eve! and reaction time performances of the hearing impaired athletes and non-athletes hearing impaired. A total of 42 hearing impairment students, including 20 women (ll athletes, 9 sedentary), 22 men (I I athletes, ll sedentary) who educated in Nilüfer Private Education Vocational High School in Bursa participated in the study. While determining the students participating in the study, students between the ages of 16- 22, with a hearing loss !eve! of 91 dB and above, who have been doing sports for at least 2 years and who have sign language participated. In the study, no significant difference was found in any of the variables in the comparison between the hearing impaired allıletes and non-allıletes according to gender, mental rotation (time and correct number) performance, simple visual reaction and selective action pattern yellow (touch) and pink (catch) bali scores were found to be higher in male than women and there was a statistically significant difference (p <0.05). According to do sports, mental rotation and selective action pattern pink ( catch) bali scores of men were fo und to be higher than women (p<0.05). According to hearing impaired student of non-sports, selective action pattern yellow and pink bali scores of men were fo und to be higher than women and there was a statistically significant difference (p <0.05). As a resul!, although the mental rotation, selective action !eve! and reaction time performances of the doing sport hearing impaired individuals were higher on average, !here was no significant difference between the variables compared. However, in terms of gender, mental rotation, selective action mechanism achievement !eve! of yellow and pink bali and simple visual (reaction) reaction time performances of men doing sports were found to be significantly higher than women doing sportsHearing, language and speaking skills are the basic elements of communication. In the situation that one of these three elements fails to function, the ability to speak is impaired, this situation affects mental and language development. lt is known that sportive activities have a positive effect on the mental capacity, physical and spiritual development of the hearing impaired and that progress is achieved in various aspects such as motoric skills, balance, hand-eye coordination, language development, and problem-solving ability. The aim of this study was to examine the mental rotation, selective action !eve! and reaction time performances of the hearing impaired athletes and non-athletes hearing impaired. A total of 42 hearing impairment students, including 20 women (ll athletes, 9 sedentary), 22 men (I I athletes, ll sedentary) who educated in Nilüfer Private Education Vocational High School in Bursa participated in the study. While determining the students participating in the study, students between the ages of 16- 22, with a hearing loss !eve! of 91 dB and above, who have been doing sports for at least 2 years and who have sign language participated. In the study, no significant difference was found in any of the variables in the comparison between the hearing impaired allıletes and non-allıletes according to gender, mental rotation (time and correct number) performance, simple visual reaction and selective action pattern yellow (touch) and pink (catch) bali scores were found to be higher in male than women and there was a statistically significant difference (p <0.05). According to do sports, mental rotation and selective action pattern pink ( catch) bali scores of men were fo und to be higher than women (p<0.05). According to hearing impaired student of non-sports, selective action pattern yellow and pink bali scores of men were fo und to be higher than women and there was a statistically significant difference (p <0.05). As a resul!, although the mental rotation, selective action !eve! and reaction time performances of the doing sport hearing impaired individuals were higher on average, !here was no significant difference between the variables compared. However, in terms of gender, mental rotation, selective action mechanism achievement !eve! of yellow and pink bali and simple visual (reaction) reaction time performances of men doing sports were found to be significantly higher than women doing sports