Türkiye’de, 2006-2010 yılları arasında, bal arılarında görülen ölümler sonrasında tespit edilen pestisitler

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, Pendik Veteriner Kontrol ve Araştırma Enstitüsü, Farmakoloji-Toksikoloji Bölümü Laboratuarı’nda, 2006-2010 yılları arasında, şüpheli arı ölümleri sonucunda yapılan pestisit analiz sonuçlarının değerlendirilmesi ve arıcıların bilgilendirilmesi amaçlandı. Başvurusu yapılan arı ölümleri İstanbul, Edirne, Kırklareli, Tekirdağ, Bilecik, Afyonkarahisar ve Samsun’da görülmüştür. 16 şüpheli zehirlenme olgusunda, arı, petek, ayçiçeği, ot ve ağaç yaprağı gibi materyallerde pestisit analizleri yapıldı. Analizler, Gaz Kromatografi (GC), ECD, NPD ve FID dedektörleri, Gaz Kromatografi- Kütle Spektrometre GC-MS; Likid Kromatoğrafi (LC) ve Likid Kromatoğrafi - Kütle Spektrometre (LC-MS) dedektörü ile LCMSMS cihazları kullanılarak kalitatif olarak yapıldı. Analizlerde 15 insektisit, 6 naftalen, 3 herbisit, 1 fungisit, 1 antiseptik/dezenfektan ve 1 adet büyüme hormonu tespit edildi. Sonuç olarak, arı yetiştiricilerinden alınan bilgiler ve laboratuar sonuçlarına göre, arılarda, peteklerde ve diğer numunelerde saptanan pestisitlerin, arıların ölümlerinde önemli rol oynayabileceği kanısına varıldı.

Goal: There are a lot of factors for honey bee losses. The main sources of honey bee lose were honey bee parasites (Varroa destructor, Acarapis woodi), pathogens (Nosema spp and bee viruses), contaminated water, use of antibiotics, pesticides poisoning from within-hive and environmental sources, nutritional stress and their interactions (Bacandritsos et al., 2010). Pesticides widely use agricultural activities in Turkey, and can be also use beekeeping. There is no Bee Poison Control Centre or central unit to centralise and publish information on poisoning, and there are limited published papers related to pesticides poisoning in honey bee in Turkey. Therefore, the goal of the study was determine of causative agents and discuss of suspected poisonings with pesticides in Turkey. Materials and Method: The bee poisoning incidents were seen in Istanbul, Tekirdag, Bilecik, Afyonkarahisar and Samsun cities between 2006 and 2010. Pesticides analysis were made in death honey bees, honeycombs, sunflower, some plants and leafs of some trees in 16 honey bee poisoning incidents. Analysis of pesticides was made in Pendik Veterinary Control and Research Institute in Istanbul using gas chromatography (GC) with MS, ECD, NPD and FID detectors, and liquid chromatography (LC) with MS detector and LC-MS-MS system for 110 pesticides. Different methods were used as analytical method depending on chemical structure of pesticides describes by Albero et al., 2004; Ferrer, 2005; Anon, 2007. Pesticides are determined as qualitative. Results and Conclusion: From insecticides (15), carbamat group including carbaryl (6); organophosphate group (5), including diazinon (2), disulfoton (1), fenthion (1) and chlorpyrifos (1); organochlorine group (2), including endosulfon (1) and endrin (1); pyrethroid insecticides (2), including permethrine (1) and cypermethrine (1) were determined. In addition, naftalene (6), diquat (1) and paraquat (1) from herbicides, malachite green (1) from fungicides, gibberellic acid from plant hormones and thymol (1) were also determined in the samples. The results were shown in Table 1. Although insecticides is the most prevalent group, naftalene is also prevalent in determined pesticides. However, the source of the pesticide in bee poisoning incidents is often uncertain, case histories and determined pesticides of incidents support to pesticides poisonings in honey bee