Bursa ve civarında yetişen bazı makrofunguslar üzerinde taksonomik araştırmalar

Abstract

Bu araştırmada Bursa ili sınırları içersinde 1987-1989 yıllarında özellikle ilkbahar ve sonbahar aylarında 483 makrofungus örneği toplanmıştır. Arazi çalışmaları sırasında habitatlarında renkli fotoğrafları alınıp morfolojik ve ekolojik özellikleri ve yöre halkından alman bilgiler kaydedilmiştir. Makrofunguslar daha sonra laboratuvara getirilerek sporları incelenmiş ve kurutularak herbaryum örneği haline getirilmiştir. Örneklerin teşhisinde özelliklerden ve literatür bilgilerinden yararlanılmıştır. Yörede araştırma sonucuna göre toplam 24 familyaya ait 72 makrofungus türü belirlenmiştir. Bunlardan 4 takson Pezizales'e, 1 tür Sphaeriales'e, 1 tür Auriculariales'e, 1 tür Hymenogastrales'e, 5 tür Lycoperdales'e, 37 tür Agaricales' e, 23 tür de Aphyllophorales'e aittir. Tespit edilen 72 türden 6'sı zehirli (Sarcosphaera eximia, Lepiota brunneo-incarnata, Amanlta gemmata, Amanita muscaria, Naematoloma fasciculare, 0mphalotus olearius] 36'ı yenen (Helvalla leucopus, Morchella conica, M. conica var. deliciosa, Rhizopogon roseolus, Calvatia utriformis, Lycoperdon perlatum, Agaricus bitorquis, Agaricus campester, Macrolepiota procera, Boletus chrysenteron, Suillus bellini, Suillus bovinus, Coprinus comatus, Coprinis micaceus, Chroogomphus rutilus, Paxillus atromentosus, Volvoriella speciosa, Lactarius deliciousus, Lactarius deterrimus, Lactarius intermedius, Lactarius mittissimus, Lactarius piperatus, Russula aurata, Russula delica, Russula olivaceae, Armillariella tabescens, Clitocybe alexandri, Clitocybe geotropa, Clitocybe odora, Clitocybe squamulosa, Laccaria laccata, Lepista nuda, Tricholoma auratum, Tricholama terreum, Cantharellus cibarius, Ramaria flava), 5'i yenmeyen (Geastrum sessile, Bovista plumbea, Disciseda bovista, Paxillus involutus, Russula virescens) ve 21'i odun tahripçisi (Daldinia concentrica, Auricularia mesenterica, Peniophora gigantea, Bjerkandera adusta, Coriolus pubescens, Coriolus versicolor, Coriolus zonantus, Fomes homentarius, Fomitopsis pinicola, Funalia trogii, Ganoderma applanatum, Ganoderma lucidum, Lenzites betulina, Phellinus pini, Phellinus pomaceus, Phellinus robustus, Phellinis torulosus, Polyporus arcularius, Trametes gibbosa, Shizophyllum commune, Stereum insignitum) 4'ü hem yenen hem de odun tahripçisi (Pholiota aurivella, Pleurotus ostreatus, Polyporus arcularius, Trametes gibbosa, Shizophyllum commune, Stereum insignitum) türler olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca Türkiye için 7 tür yeni olarak kaydedilmiştir. Bunlar, Lepiota brunneo-incarnata, Lactarius deterrimus, Lactarius mitissimus, Clitocybe geotrapa, Clitocybe odora, Amanita gemmata, Tricholama auratum'dur.

In this study, 483 macrofungus samples have been collected from the Bursa province especially on Autum and Spring seasons from 1987 to 1989. During the excursions, coloured photographs of these samples 'have been taken in their habitat, and their morphological, ecological features and knowledge of people on mushrooms have been recorded. Than these macrofungi samples have been carried to Laborotory for searching their spors and have been made herbarium patterns by drying. The identification of samples have been made from these features and information of literatüres. As a result of this study, 72 macrofungi species from 24 familias have been identified totally. Among of these macrofungi 4 taxons belongs to Pezizales, 1 species Auriculariales, 1 species to Hymenogastrales, 5 species to Lycoperdales, 37 species to Agaricales, and 23 species to Aphyllophorales. Among these 72 identificated macrofungi, 6 of them are poisonous, (Sarcosphaera eximia, Lepiota brunneo-incarnata, Amanlta gemmata, Amanita muscaria, Naematoloma fasciculare, 0mphalotus olearius), 36 of them one edible (Helvalla leucopus, Morchella conica, M. conica var. deliciosa, Rhizopogon roseolus, Calvatia utriformis, Lycoperdon perlatum, Agaricus bitorquis, Agaricus campester, Macrolepiota procera, Boletus chrysenteron, Suillus bellini, Suillus bovinus, Coprinus comatus, Coprinis micaceus, Chroogomphus rutilus, Paxillus atromentosus, Volvoriella speciosa, Lactarius deliciousus, Lactarius deterrimus, Lactarius intermedius, Lactarius mittissimus, Lactarius piperatus, Russula aurata, Russula delica, Russula olivaceae, Armillariella tabescens, Clitocybe alexandri, Clitocybe geotropa, Clitocybe odora, Clitocybe squamulosa, Laccaria laccata, Lepista nuda, Tricholoma auratum, Tricholama terreum, Cantharellus cibarius, Ramaria flava) 5 of them are unedible (Geastrum sessile, Bovista plumbea, Disciseda bovista, Paxillus involutus, Russula virescens) and 21 of them are wood decaying fungi (Daldinia concentrica, Auricularia mesenterica, Peniophora gigantea, Bjerkandera adusta, Coriolus pubescens, Coriolus versicolor, Coriolus zonantus, Fomes homentarius, Fomitopsis pinicola, Funalia trogii, Ganoderma applanatum, Ganoderma lucidum, Lenzites betulina, Phellinus pini, Phellinus pomaceus, Phellinus robustus, Phellinis torulosus, Polyporus arcularius, Trametes gibbosa, Shizophyllum commune, Stereum insignitum) 4 of them are wood decaying fungi and also edible (Pholiota aurivella, Pleurotus ostreatus, Polyporus arcularius, Trametes gibbosa, Shizophyllum commune, Stereum insignitum). In addition the 7 species have been recorded first time for Turkey. These are Lepiota brunneo-incarnata, Lactarius deterrimus, Lactarius mitissimus, Clitocybe geotrapa, Clitocybe odora, Amanita gemmata, Tricholama auratum.