Hüdavendigar Vilayeti'nin kuruluşu, teşkilatı ve idaresi

Abstract

“Hüdavendigar Vilayeti’nin Kurulusu ,Teskilati ve Idaresi” adli bu çalisma Bursa vilayetinin tarih içerisinde idari teskilatindaki gelisimini gözler önüne sermek amaciyla ele alinmis bir çalisma olup Bursa ilini kapsamaktadir. Giris bölümünde, Bursa ile ilgili birtakim genel bilgiler verilmistir. Cografi yapi, sehrin fethi ve etnik yapisi incelenmistir. Birinci bölümde, Osmanli Devleti’nde yerel yönetimler üzerinde durulmustur. Yerel yönetimler, Tanzimat öncesi ve Tanzimat sonrasi olarak ikiye ayrilmistir. Tanzimat öncesinde Osmanli Devleti’nde bugünkü anlamda yerel yönetim yapilari yoktu. Osmanli Imparatorlugu’nda modern anlamda yerel yönetim olusma süreci ilk belediye teskilatinin kurulusu ile Tanzimat’in ilani sonrasi baslamistir. Ilk denemeler Istanbul’da yapilmis, daha sonra ülke genelinde belediyelesme hareketi yayilmistir. Türk siyasi tarihinde Tanzimat, modernlesmenin baslangici olarak görülmektedir. Tanzimat fermani sonrasi (1839’dan sonra) Bati ile iliskiler eskiye oranla artmisti.Eyalet sisteminden vilayet sistemine geçis 1864 Vilayet Nizamnamesi ile gerçeklesmistir. Osmanli tasra yönetiminin temeli sancaklara dayaniyordu. Sinirlarin genislemesi ile zaman içerisinde eyaletler ortaya çikti. Tanzimat’in ilani ile birlikte eyaletler “vilayet” oldu. Sancaklar “liva” adini aldi. Vilayet; Tanzimatla birlikte, liva yönetiminin üstü oluyordu. Livalarin alt birimleri ise kazalar idi. H.1284 (1867) yilinda "Vilayet-i Umumiye Nizamnamesi" ilan edildi. Kisa zamanda Rumeli'de; 10 vilayet ve 44 sancak, Anadolu'da; 16 vilayet ve 74 sancak, Afrika'da ise 1 vilayet ve 5 sancak yeni düzene göre örgütlendi. 1871 Nizamnamesi, vilayet idaresinde is bölümünü arttirirdi. Birinci ve ikinci bölümde bu konular üzerinde durulmustur. Üçüncü bölümde Hüdavendigar vilayet teskilati üzerinde durulmustur. H.1325’te (1909) Hüdavendigar vilayeti sancak , ilçe ve köyleri ayrintili bir sekilde verilmistir. H. 1287 tarihli Bursa Vilayet Salnamesine göre Hüdavendigar vilayetinin yönetimi üzerinde durularak vilayet teskilati ve görevlilerinin isimleri verilmistir. Ayrica H.1346 (1927) Bursa Vilayet Salnamesi’ne göre de Hüdavendigar vilayetinin sinirlari belirtilmistir. IV. bölümde vilayet idaresi anlatilmis ve teskilatin içinde, basta vali olmak üzere, diger görevlilerin her alandaki sorumluluklari en ince ayrintisina kadar belirtilmis, validen itibaren tüm görevlilerin isim listeleri verilmistir. Sadece vilayetlerin degil liva, kaza ve köylerin idareleri hakkinda bilgiler de verilmistir. Son bölümde ise Bursa’nin sosyo-ekonomik yapisi üzerinde durulmus ; nüfus, ekonomi, tarim, hayvancilik, egitim hakkinda bilgiler verilmistir.

This work, named as “the foundation, organization and management of Hüdavendigar county” is a work, which is dealth with in order to show progress in the administrial organization of Bursa county through years, contains Bursa county. In the introduction part, general informations about Bursa is given. The conquest, geographical and ethnical structure of the city are dealth with. In the first part, it is focused on the local governance in Ottoman Empire. Local governance is devided into two parts as before and after Tanzimat. Before Tanzimat, there weren’t local governance structures , as we have today, in Ottoman Empire. The period of forming local governance as we have today, is started after the proclamation of the Tanzimat with the foundation of first municipality union. First trials were made in Istanbul, then the movement of being municipality was spread around the country. In Turkish political history, Tanzimat is seen as the begining of being modern. After the Tanzimat, the relationship with the West was more than before. The transition from province system to county system was realized by 1864 ordinance of county. The basis of the rural governance was based on pennons. There were provinces with the expansion of the borders. With the proclamation of the Tanzimat, provinces became county. Pennons were called as “liva”.County, with Tanzimat, became upper of the liva governance. Mishaps were lower unions of the livas. In 1284 (1867) “Vilayet-i Umumiye Nizamnamesi” was proclamed. In a short period of time 10 counties and 44 pennons in Rumelia, 16 counties and 74 pennons in Anatolia, 1 county and 5 pennons in Africa were organized according to the new ordinance. Nizamname of 1871 increased the workfellow in the county administration. In the first and the second part, these topics were dealth with. In the third part it is focused on the Hüdavendigar county organization. Hüdavendigar county in 1325 (1909) its pennon, borough and villages were given in a detailed way. Organization of the county and the names of its duty men were given by focusing on the governance of the Hüdavendigar county according to 1287 Bursa County Salname. And also, the borders of Hüdavendigar county were designated according to 1346 (1927) Bursa County Salname. In the fourth part, administration of the county was told and the responsibilities of the all duty men, governer at first, were given with its every details in this organization. The name list of all duty men starting from the governer, was given. Not only informations about county, but also informations about governence of livas, mishaps and villages were given.In the last part, it is focused on the social economic structure of Bursa; informations about population, economy, agriculture, animal breeding, education were given.