Health-care conditions in elementary schools and teachers' knowledge of childhood asthma

Abstract

Background: For the adequate control of asthma in school-age children, it is recommended that teachers, school health personnel and administrators should have sufficient knowledge of how to manage asthma during school hours. Aim: To investigate asthma health care in elementary schools, and teachers' knowledge of childhood asthma and its management. Methods: The extent of knowledge of childhood asthma in 2779 teachers in 141 elementary schools (children aged 6-14, grades 1-8) in Bursa, the fourth largest city in Turkey, was evaluated. Section I comprised questions about asthma health-care in schools, Section II teachers' knowledge of the main characteristics of asthma and Section III (Likert Scale) teachers' detailed knowledge of the signs, triggering factors, treatment and general knowledge of asthma. Results: The findings of Section I demonstrated that the organisation of health-care for asthma in schools was insufficient. Of the teachers questioned, 14.7% were not even aware and only 1% and 9.6% of the teachers had been made aware by school health personnel and school records, respectively, of asthmatic children. Only 27.3% of the teachers stated that they were responsible for the health of an asthmatic child. The majority of teachers (70%) said that asthmatic children could use the medication (e.g. inhalers) themselves. In Section II, there were between 44.1% and 75.5% correct answers, while in Section III this figure ranged from 3.3% to 78.4%. The correct answer rate was 60.4% for Sections II and III combined. The results of Sections II and III showed that the teachers' knowledge of asthma was poor in many respects. Teachers who stated that they had asthma or had first-degree relatives with asthma, or those with 10 or more years' experience provided significantly more correct answers in Sections II and III combined than did those without these characteristics (P<0.001). Conclusions: There is a need to improve and standardise health care for asthma (asthma management policies) in schools. The implementation of asthma education programmes for teachers and other staff responsible for pupils' health should result in better control of this common disease.