Hemostatic effect of a chitosan linear polymer (Celox (R)) in a severe femoral artery bleeding rat model under hypothermia or warfarin therapy

Abstract

In this study, the hemostatic efficacy of Celox (R) in rats under hypothermia or warfarin treatment was investigated. A total of forty-eight Sprague-Dawley female rats weighing 200-350 g were used in the study. Six experimental study groups were designed, as follows: Group 1: Normothermia + compression; Group 2: normothermia + Celox (R); Group 3: hypothermia + compression; Group 4: hypothermia + Celox (R); Group 5: normothermia + warfarin + compression; and Group 6: normothermia + warfarin + Celox (R).

Celox (R) provided effective hemorrhage control in all three tested groups. There was a statistically significant difference between compression and Celox (R) implementation in all groups in terms of hemostasis (p-values for the normothermia, hypothermia and warfarin groups were p < 0.05, p < 0.01 and p < 0.01, respectively). Furthermore, the compression numbers were significantly lower in all of the groups that received Celox (R) than in those in which compression alone was applied (p-values for the normothermia, hypothermia and warfarin groups were p < 0.01, p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively). Celox (R) provides effective hemorrhage control under conditions of normothermia, hypothermia and use of the oral anticoagulant agent warfarin.